Essay on Counter culture / Hackers - 1346 Words

Why Hackers Do The Things They Do? Hackers. You know them as gangly kids with radiation tans caused by too many late nights in front of a computer screen. Evil beings who have the power to wipe out your credit rating, cancel your cable TV, raise your insurance premiums, and raid your social security pension. Individuals who always avert their eyes and mumble under their breath about black helicopters and CIA transmissions. Paranoid, social deviants who could start World War III from the privacy of their bedrooms. Or so the mainstream media would have you believe. In reality, most hackers are ordinary people with a great deal of curiosity, above-average skills with a computer, a good understanding of human nature, and plenty of time to†¦show more content†¦They do, however, use it within their group to stratify themselves. Hackers with the most information gain the highest prestige within the community. They also gain a great deal of power from that information. Most people cannot cancel the phone service of those who upset them. To a truly proficient hacker, this is not a very difficult problem. Hacking involves the accumulation of knowledge, which is accompanied by the greater status and power. To almost all computer professionals the actions of hackers are despicable and justify all sorts of nasty punishments. I fully agree that hacking is a criminal offense and should be prosecuted. The only thing that bothers me from a moral standpoint is that these criminals are essentially the cyberspace equivalent of teenage vandals. They do not know the implications of what they are doing. These people are displaying situational morality, and their actions are random, yet predictable. Many professionals argue that the cause why hackers hack is about the same as any other criminal. It mostly has to do with their families, and friends and the environment they grew up in. I agree with professionals at this point and I believe that the issue goes back to how they are raised. I am not saying that these people have bad parents. I think that while parents go around telling their children not to do drugs, to study hard in school, etc., they do not tell their children that it is bad toShow MoreRelatedHacking And The Social Learning Theory1365 Words   |  6 Pagesapproves of definitions favorable to deviance, the more likely they will participate in that behavior (Morris Higgins, 2010). Hacking and the Social Learning Theory The social learning theory views hackers as individuals who are socialized into breaking rules through peer-association. A majority of hackers are young and learn from their friends in a type of communal environment. Studies show that this behavior takes place in a distinctive socio-cultural context and â€Å"communal† structure. Just likeRead MoreCyber Security and Technology Essay1097 Words   |  5 Pagescouple of weeks depending on the time period or it may not have been possible to obtain that book. But now people can access a vast amount of information in a matter of minutes. Example, in modern times if someone wanted to know about a different culture they could simple look up the information on a computer or any device that had access to internet. People can also store sensitive information in cyberspace data such as finances, personal or informative. Cyberspace is capable of holding a whole historyRead MoreSocial Darwinism in Cyberpunk Literature Essay1305 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Darwinism of the nineteenth century contains several facets such as political, corporate, and individual forms of the theory. Although all these facets are found in Cyberpunk literature the genre mainly depicts the lower class of Americas culture fighting for survival. Many may argue this drive to survive, this Social Darwinism, can be found in genres other than Cyberpunk. In some ways that idea is true about Social Darwinism. For instance, the movie The Godfather had the Mafia familiesRead More Cybercrimes Reflected through Television Programs Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesCybercrimes are a culture which has facilitated technological criminal efforts to undermine government and private organizations in order to create disruption and panic on a large scale. Today’s television programming takes a series of intelligence type action roles, which prove the impact of post 9/11 computer crimes which has increased nationwide fears. The television series 24 is an action drama featuring a make belief personality known as Jack Bauer. Bauer is a counter-terrorist agent who worksRead MoreThe Culture Of Shut Up By Jon Lovett Essay1431 Words   |  6 Pagesconcept of unlimited compatibility and get around the drawbacks. Within the internet and all the ideas and saying that are flooded into the streams of computer-human interactions there will always be room for backlash and critique. In the article â€Å"The Culture of Shut Up† Jon Lovett produces his ideas on how society needs to get a grip on the endless amount of connectedness that spawns from the internet and how people must deal with the fact of how unreserved it is. When someone says something, a personRead MoreReactions to the Boston Marathon Bombing Essay1184 Words   |  5 Pagesknown for being a loose association of unidentified individuals who use internet technology to carry out hacks on the web in the name of protest. According to Gabriella Coleman (2012), â€Å"Anonymous† began on the internet forum 4chan, and grew from the culture on that site (paragraph 1). 4chan (n.d.) describes itself as â€Å"...[A] simple image-based bulletin board where anyone can post comments and share images.† (What is 4chan? section, para. 1) The site notes that the name â€Å"Anonymous† came from the monikerRead MoreFice Of Personnel Management Essay1715 Words   |  7 Pagesto the fundamental principles of security practice: the Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability (CIA triad), combined with risk management policies we have learn in the previous weeks, as well as incorporating the importance of organizational culture that could lead to a path of preventative cybersecurity. Later in the paper we will examine further on the fundamentals of security practice that would create strong cyber defense posture. EFFECTIVE CYBERSECURITY AND RISK MANAGEMENTRead MoreCyber Crimes Reflected Through Television Programs800 Words   |  4 PagesCyber Crimes Reflected Through Television Programs Cybercrimes are a culture which has facilitated technological criminal efforts to undermine government and private organizations in order to create disruption and panic on a large scale. Today’s television programming takes a series of intelligence type action roles, which prove the impact of post 9/11. Computer crimes have increased nationwide fears. The television series 24 is an action drama featuring a make believe personality known as JackRead MoreEssay on The Hacker Community 2575 Words   |  11 PagesHackers are typically defined as individuals that gain unauthorized access to another person’s computer. Although that definition is rather specific it can be broadened to include other illegal activities such as â€Å"phishing†, which can be done on its own and may be separate from hacking. The hacker community is what is contended to be an â€Å"imagined community† meaning they occupy no singular geographic location, like members of a community l ike Rosedale, nor have they have any set guidelines for becomingRead MoreA Complete Risk Mitigation Strategy997 Words   |  4 Pagesproject. Background Planning, Asset Analysis, Threat Analysis, vulnerability Analysis, Risk Identification, Risk Analysis, Risk Treatment, Monitoring Risk. Select an accrediting body to ensure IA is not only a process but a part of organizational culture going forward While in most cases certification and accreditation is often received from a governmental body some are also received from international sources as well. During this section I will identify the different body’s and provide the differences

Invention and Tradition Free Essays

Adaptations are widespread and universal. Adaptation problems – content, structure, and intertextual politics. Hutcheon wishes to consider adaptations as lateral, not vertical. We will write a custom essay sample on Invention and Tradition or any similar topic only for you Order Now One does not experience adaptations successively starting from the original work, rather the works are a large collection to be navigated. One might see an adaptation before the original. Hutcheon also wishes to view adaptations as adaptations, not as independent works. Three ways of story engagement: telling, showing, and interactivity. Adaptations also dominate their own media. The most heavily awarded films are adaptations. Hutcheon suggests that the pleasure of adaptation from the perspective of the consumer comes from a simple repetition of a beloved story with variation. To borrow Michael Alexander’s term, adaptations are palimpsestuous works, works that are haunted by their adapted texts. Hutcheon wishes to avoid resorting to fidelity criticism, which originates in the (often false) idea that the adapters wish to reproduce the adapted text. There are many reasons why adapters may wish to adapt, which can be as much to critique as to pay homage. There are three dimensions to looking at adaptations: as a formal entity or a product, as a process of creation, or as a process of reception. Adaptation is simultaneously a process and a product. Hutcheon distinguishes between adaptations and sequels and fanfiction. Sequels and fanfiction are means of not wishing a story to end. This is a different goal than the recreation done by adapting a work. There is a legal term to define adaptations as â€Å"derivative works†, but this is complex and problematic. Adaptation commits a literary heresy that form (expression) and content (ideas) can be separated. To any media scholar, form and content are inextricably tied together, thus, adaptations provide a major threat and challenge, because to take them seriously suggests that form and content can be somehow taken apart. This raises another difficult question: what is the content of an adaptation? What is it that is actually adapted? One might consider this to be the â€Å"spirit† or â€Å"tone† of a work. Adapting a work to be faithful to the spirit may justify changes to the letter or structure in the adaptation. In my perspective, the content of adaptations is (or should be) the world of the adapted text. Hutcheon specifically addresses videogames and how they engage in activity beyond problem solving. She suggests that if a film has a 3 act structure, then gameplay is only the second act. Excluding the introduction and the resolution, gameplay is tied up with solving problems and working to resolve conflicts. Games adapt a heterocosm: â€Å"What gets adapted here is a heterocosm, literally an â€Å"other world† or cosmos, complete, of course, with the stuff of a story–settings, characters, events, and situations. † (p. 14) A game adaptation shares a truth of coherence with the adapted text. The format may require a point of view change (for example, in the Godfather game, where the player takes on the role of an underling working his way up). Other novels are not easily adapted because the novel focuses on the â€Å"res cogitans†, the thinking world, as opposed to the world of action. This is a point that I would disagree with Hutcheon’s assessment, I think that even the thinking world of a novel abides by rules and mechanics, that these mechanics may be simulated or expressed computationally, but they may not be suited to the conventions of action and spatial navigation popular in games right now. Hutcheon notes that some works have a greater propensity for adaptation than others, or are more â€Å"adaptogenic† (Groensteen’s term). For instance, melodramas are more readily adapted into operas and musicals, and one could extend that argument to describe how effects films tend to get adapted into games. This may be due to the fact that there are genre conventions that might be common to both media. Adaptation may be seen as a product or a process, the product oriented perspective treats it as a translation (in various senses), or as a paraphrase. The product oriented perspective is dependent on a particular interpretation. As a process, it is a combination of imitation (mimesis) and creativity. Unsuccessful adaptations often fail (commercially) due to a lack of creativity on behalf of the adapters. There is a process of both imitating and creating something entirely new, but in order to create a successful adaptation, one must make the text one’s own. There is an issue of intertextuality when the reader is familiar with the original text. But there can become a corpus of adaptations, where the subsequent works are adaptations of the earlier ones, rather than the adapted text itself. This as been the case of texts which have had prolific series of adaptations, such as Dracula films (Hutcheon’s example), as well as Jane Austen’s works. These works are â€Å"multilaminated†, they are referential to other texts, and these references form part of the text’s identity, as a node within a network of connected texts. A final dimension is the reader’s engagement, their i mmersion. Readers engage with adaptations with different mdoes of engagement. â€Å"Stories, however, do not consist only of the material means of their transmission (media) or the rules that structure them (genres). Those means and those rules permit and then channel narrative expectations and communicate narrative meaning to someone in some context, and they are created by someone with that intent. † (p. 26) Adaptations are frequently â€Å"indigenized† into new cultures. When texts supply images to imageless works, they permanantly change the reader’s experience of the text. For example, due to the films, we now know what a game of Quiddich looks like (and due to the games, we now can know tactics and strategies), or what Tolkien’s orcs look like. How to cite Invention and Tradition, Papers

Revenge and Reconciliation in the Tempest free essay sample

The Tempest is more concerned with reconciliation than with revenge. † Evaluate this view of The Tempest by exploring the action and effects of the play. Revenge tragedy was a highly popular genre during the Jacobean era, so understandably Shakespeare would have been heavily influenced by this; one of these examples being Hamlet. Revenge tragedies carried the evident message that those who dabble in revenge will end up being hurt themselves. This is seen in the final scene of Hamlet where the stage is predominantly crowded with corpses. From looking at the opening scenes of The Tempest it may seem that this play, similar to the rest would follow this genre, however it reveals to have a much more harmonious message to it. Although the closing scenes of the play portray the importance of repentance and harmony, it does not deter from the fact that elements of revenge and unjust cruelty are seen throughout the play. We will write a custom essay sample on Revenge and Reconciliation in the Tempest or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most obvious example would be that of Prospero’s revenge against Caliban. Prospero’s dominant justification for Caliban to be considered a ‘born devil’ is his attempted rape of Miranda. There was once a time where Prospero and Caliban had a good relationship, and Caliban even claims â€Å"And then I loved thee†. One interpretation of Caliban is him being an evil creature, who in exchange for education and kindness attempted to take the innocence of Prospero’s daughter, Who after committing the act showed no remorse, merely saying â€Å"O ho, o ho, would’t had been done! †. . Prospero is quick to threaten Caliban, rack [him] with old cramps, and restricts him within â€Å"this hard rock in isolation. When looking at Caliban, Prospero shows little mercy or forgiveness, and labels him a born devil, on whose name/Nurture can never stick. On one hand Prospero’s actions can be seen as understandable, as the only way in which order can be kept is to treat Caliban like a pet or a child. Caliban’s actions and behaviour reflect the very basic behaviour and functioning of primitive human beings, arguably a resemblance to a child. It could then be seen that Prospero’s dominance over him is similar to that of a father figure. Prospero? plan for revenge is to make his three enemies go insane with guilt for their betrayal of him and the suffering they caused. This plan becomes most clear when Ariel masked as a Harpy states â€Å"you three/ From Milan did supplant good Prospero† For this betrayal they will suffer, Gonzalo, the rare moral man, watching the whole ordeal comments, â€Å"All three of them are desperate. Their great guilt,/ Like poison given to work a g reat time after† It is clear that the remorse and heavy guilt they feel is what causes them to suffer so greatly. Prospero overlooking this states that â€Å"these mine enemies are all knit up/ In their distractions. They are now in my power†. This cements the idea that Prospero is out to take revenge on those who did him wrong, as he is pleased to see their suffering. However, Ariel soon tells Prospero that The good old lord, Gonzalo/His tears run down his beard, it could be argued that it is Ariel who persuades Prospero to have mercy. Ariel explains that if you now beheld them / Your affections would become tender. Arguably this exchange is what prompts Prospero to undergo a transformation as he is quick to realize that â€Å"the rarer action is/ In virtue than in vengeance†. Prospero soon understands that his anger and passion were prompting him to take revenge. This results in Prospero realizing that revenge would not give him happiness but reconciliation, which is means he must learn to forgive. Prospero says to the ‘three men of sin† â€Å"I do forgive thee†. Alonso: It could be seen that Alonso’s initial reaction to seeing Prospero is not to apologize for sending him to his probable death, but question whether what he sees is real ** quote . Alonso does then seek forgiveness, but the apology seems to be less than genuine. Possibly Alonso’s only real remorse is that his usurpation of Prospero has resulted in the death of his son Ferdinand, or so he believes. Antonio â€Å"For you, most wicked sir, whom to call brother/ Would even infect my mouth, I do forgive/Thy rankest fault, all of them; and require/My dukedom of thee, which perforce, I know,/Thou must restore† â€Å"Not a hair perished† Prospero had obviously given his servant strict orders not to harm these people. This is because Prospero? s revenge plan necessitates the survival of these men.

Public Sector Financial Management

Introduction The quality of service delivery in any public service institution is determined by the effectiveness of its internal structures. One of the structures used in the monitoring and evaluation of public accounts is the audit procedure. The main role of an audit procedure is to assess, evaluate and monitor the systems in a public service institution (Moeller, 2007).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Sector Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Generally, any accounting department in a public institution has to have an audit committee. The committee is normally an independent body comprising of non executive members of the public institution. The committee is mandated to oversee the overall audit programs. In some cases, the committee is tasked to review the internal audit process (Roberge, 2011). It may involve testing the internal controls for their accuracy and effectiveness. It may also perform operational audits on the overall operational systems. This provides information on the integrity of the accounting and the information systems (Menzel Harvey, 2011). The audit committee is mandated to perform financial audits. Another important structure is the use of audit programs. They engage the use of tools which portray the correct financial position of the institution. The audit programs advocate for compliance of laws and regulation of the land. The purpose of this study is to evaluate how the adoption of structural audit procedures affects the service delivery of public service institutions. The study will also take into account several reforms in the audit procedures in public institutions and their effects (Smith Licari 2011). The general objective is to understand the specific outcomes realized when audit procedures are implemented in the management of public institutions. This study performs a comparative assessment of the management of two local author ities which are the Irish Local Authority and The Scottish Local Authority. A look at the Irish Local Authority, Scottish Local Authority and their service delivery systems will form the basis upon which we shall evaluate the significance of adopting audit procedures. Irish Local Authority In 2006, the Irish government adopted major reforms in the financial system of its local authority. The reforms were defined as per the accounting codes of practice and guidelines (White Guy, 1994). Section 107 of the local government act and the local government regulation of 2000 on financial procedures and audit offered guidelines on the reforms (Alan 1994).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two acts addressed the objective of the audit, the role of the auditor including his powers and the audit output. The acts included the role of public in relation to accountability of local autho rities (Dumville, 2001).The principles of public audit in the United Kingdom stipulated that a public service institution could only be audited by an independent body (Moody, 2005). This principle led to the development of an independent body, the Local Government Audit Service (LGAS). The body was mandated to develop policies that would be adhered to in the management of local government funds. It was accorded the authority to formulate guidelines and procedures that ensured transparency on the management of local authorities. The Local Government Audit Service was tasked with the responsibility of employing appropriate measures that ensured accountability of all local authorities. It comprised of the following members. Director of audit 1 Principle local government officers 7 Local government auditors 20 Assistants 2 The Local Government Audit Service was mandated to undertake audit procedures in 184 bodies of the Irish Local Authorities as illustrated in the following table. Local Authority body Number City Councils 5 County Councils 29 Borough Councils 5 Town Councils 75 Regional Authorities 8 Regional Assistant Authorities 2 Motor Tax Offices 29 Miscellaneous 31 The local government Audit Service scrutinized the financial transactions of every local authority department in the public service sector with the aim of looking at the legality of each transaction (Jeong Nor, 2007). It also addressed issues that related to value of money. Issues that related to governance and transparency of public service bodies created a lot of interest to the general public. The Irish government has since used the Local Government Audit Service Body to ensure that the public is well informed. This includes publishing of financial audited reports to the media so that the general public may assess that information. Good governance is normally as a result of employing democratic principles when choosing leaders. It is the role of Local Governme nt Audit Service to implement and advocate for democratic elections of local government representatives. With the implementation and adoption of a Local Government Audit Service, an improvement was recorded on the Local Authorities Revenues and Capital as illustrated below.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Public Sector Financial Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More 2006 2007 2008 Revenue â‚ ¬4,218.00 â‚ ¬4,578.00 â‚ ¬5,086.00 Capital â‚ ¬5,435.00 â‚ ¬6,773.00 â‚ ¬6,574.00 A new electronic audit system was implemented in all local authorities in Ireland. The system offered standard formats of audit files. It incorporated risk assessment and management tools that made it easier for local authorities to deal with all forms of risks that would be encountered. With the new system in place, performance of audit tests in various operational activities was simplified. The system offe red guidelines on the appropriate notes for the audit staff. In 2009, the Annual Local Government Conference was held. One of the key resolutions of this conference was the establishment of audit committees. The role of the audit committees was to oversee governance agendas in local governments. The audit committee comprised of five members who were the chairperson, two current councilors and two retired councilors. The conference also addressed business plan formulation in local governments. The idea here was to help local governments to be self sufficient and self sustaining. The effects of audit procedures reforms in Ireland After the 2008/2009 audit, the following issues came up that required to be referred to the local authority for further action. Issue No. of concerned authorities Commercial water charges 26 Developmental contribution 9 Capital accounts balance 4 Revenue accounts deficits 7 Inefficiency of water charges was of major concern. A number of factors may have contributed to poor collection of water charges. Water meter timings were found to be inefficient. Disputes in water charges were not well handled and the process was time consuming. Water billing procedures were inefficient. Poor control measures were not put in place to deal with water fees’ arrears. There were no proper follow up mechanisms on arrears making some consumers accumulate large water charges debts.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Scottish Local Authority Scotland introduced reforms to the local authorities that are comparable to those in the English government. The reforms were to address the inequalities that existed in the health sector (Khopkar, 2004). The reforms would look into the use of funds in public hospitals. They also addressed consumer protection. They looked at the risks the consumers may have been exposed to. They also looked at food safety. The standards for processed foods were set. Work and occupational safety measures were addressed. For the Scottish government to achieve high quality public services and ensure their sustainability, rigorous reforms were implemented on capital investment. Schools and social housing expenses were thoroughly audited to assess how much finances were spent and how they would be better managed. Local governments were thoroughly examined to deduce their financial performance (Denhardt, Vinzant, 2000). Local authorities encountered challenges in dealing with inc reased demands on services and in the workforce putting more pressure on the budget. In the reforms, a legislative watchdog body, The Audit Scotland was formed. Its mandate was to ensure that public funds were used efficiently and effectively. In the year 2007, Scotland passed laws that addressed planning â€Å"Effectiveness† and â€Å"Efficiency†. The accounts committee was formulated too as part of the audit structures’ reforms. The committee consisted of former local government representatives. The committee was tasked with reviewing all internal and external audits. It employed specific measures that scrutinized the performance of all Scotland’s local authorities. Benefits of reforms in Scotland Scotland’s local authorities derived a very creative way of improving performance. They employed the use of cost information. A database was used to store information on input costs, outcome costs, process expenditure and costs of outputs (Barrow, 2005) . Councilors as well as management of local authorities had access to this information. In the year 2010, the Accounts Commission published a report that provided cost checklists in all local authorities. Several case studies demonstrated the effectiveness of the use of cost information to improve local authorities’ performances. The case study was carried out in Lothian. The aim of the study was to find out how much it cost the local authority to attend a customer at the local office as compared to attending the same customer through customer service telephone lines (Murray, 1968). The study established that it would cost the local authority â‚ ¬ 2.23 through the customer service lines. When the same service was offered through a local office, the cost was â‚ ¬4.34. A policy needed to be enacted to encourage customers to use customer service lines. Through such an encouragement a lot of saving on public funds would be realized. At the local office Through customer service line cost 4.34 2.23 Another case study was done to demonstrate how critical decisions on spending would lead to a huge saving initiative of public funds. The study was carried out in Dandee City School. The school had a long history of frequent vandalism which strained the council on repairs, replacement and maintenance of vandalized items. The local authority decided to install new window panels made of poly carbonyl. CCTV cameras were installed at the school. Between 2008 and 2010 vandalism dropped to 18.8% from 38.8%. The cost of repairs dropped from â‚ ¬ 280,000 to â‚ ¬ 184,000 in 2010. 2008 2009 Cost of repairs â‚ ¬280,000.00 â‚ ¬184,000.00 This created evidence that structured audit procedures improved service delivery in local authorities (Brown, 2001). Scotland had a high number of reoffending criminals. This meant that the same offenders persistently repeated the same crimes leading to frequent re-arrests. Scottish Prisons Service eventua lly experienced a surge in its expenditure. A total of â‚ ¬ 419 Million was spent on the Prison Service and â‚ ¬ 128 was spent on prevention of offenders from committing crimes. Prison service reoffending â‚ ¬419,000,000.00 â‚ ¬128,000,000.00 Since then, several reforms have been put in place to address the root cause of reoffending criminals. Criminal justice systems have been improved. The Scottish government has instituted several organizations that scrutinize the performance of local authorities. They include; Education Scotland: It looks at all matters that aims at improving education. It offers relevant support to all matters that support education. The Care Inspectorate: It addresses the status of people who need care. They include the children and the elderly. Through Care Inspectorate, social workers are deployed to offer care and support required by this category of people. The Majesty Inspectorate of Constabulary for Scotland: This body looks at the welfare of the police unit in Scotland. It sets the standards for the police force. The Scottish Housing Regulator: Quite a number of people would become homeless in the long run. The housing regulator advocated for the interests of people likely to become homeless (Kettl, James, 2009). Detrimental effects of structured audit reforms on service delivery Some reforms call for the formation of commissions and committees comprising of several members. To some extent, some committees may end up duplicating work that is done by another organization creating some form of redundancy. This can also create some form of conflicts of interest in the bodies involved. It may lead to some form of competition too (Fry, 1989). The conflicting bodies may end up sabotaging one another. This may translate to a deadlock in provision of service delivery. Other committees may end up not fulfilling the mandate they were called for. This may be due to lack of clear guidelines on their mandate. Sometimes there might not be adequate measures followed in the work of these committees (Paramasivan, Subramanian, 2009). Such committees may end up misusing public funds (Jerome Howard, 1998). Formulation of committees may be time consuming. Others may require amendment of legislative act for them to become operational. Cases of corruption in local councils in Scotland and Ireland It is important to note however that some of the members of the financial committees that have been set up in the local authorities have also been implicated with corrupt acts of mismanagement of funds in both Scotland and Ireland. A case in point involves Glasgow’s City Council versus Mr. Gemmell.In this specific court case, Glasgow’s City Council attempted to evict Mr. Gemmel from his residence in the accusation that he had defaulted on payment of domestic rates something which Mr. Gemmel had not actually done. In Ireland, there was a famous case of corruption that involved Mr.Fred Forsey Jnr, a t own councilor. Mr. Fred was sentenced to serve in prison for fraudulently receiving a huge amount of money from a private developer.Mr.Forsey; according to a report by Transparency International was the first ever public officer of the Irish government to be sentenced to imprisonment for an economic crime. It is important to note that in Ireland and Scotland, there are standards that have been set to contain corruption in public offices. For example in Ireland, public officers are required to declare wealth to a body called Standards in Public Office Commission (SIPO).SIPO is further mandated to take a supervisory role in accessing information concerning all public officials in Ireland including all activities that are executed by public officials in the interest of the public. Every public official is required to state his or her wealth and this information is also featured in a website that is accessible to members of the public. Such measures aimed at checking corrupt practices b y members of the local councils of both Ireland and Scotland including legal actions against corrupt officials by members of the councils help in the fight against graft. Audit reforms stipulate what constitute economic crimes and the kind of legal action that should be taken against perpetrators of the said crimes. The involvement of the public in vetting actions of public officials in Ireland through councils’ websites serves to enhance the integrity of members serving in various accounts committees in the local government. Public funds have to serve the various councils in a cost effective and efficient manner. It is worthwhile to note that public funds are normally a result of a taxation system and structure mandated by both local and central governments. Financial challenges that local councils face in Ireland and Scotland In the face of economic upheavals facing world states, a number of economic challenges have faced governments of Scotland and Ireland. The economic ch allenges have given rise to unpopular policies by both governments which have led to poor delivery of services and consequent poor performances by local authorities in Scotland and Ireland. To respond effectively to concerns of better management of public funds in their local councils, both the Irish and Scottish governments have outlined increments in the allocation of public finances to be managed by local councils in key areas of service provision like water services, travel, health and education. This has not been done by direct transfer of money to the councils but by major tax cuts on the mentioned services that are provided by the local councils in Scotland and Ireland. The Scottish government has attempted to reduce the number of public institutions by merging some of them. Voluntary retirement schemes have also been authorized by the government. Pay bans or freezes, recruitment bans, reduction of the work force and reduction of pay schemes among other measures have also bee n undertaken to cut on government spending. Reduction of budgetary allocations has also had its effects in the two countries. The need to reduce money spent on the public by the local councils and at the same time maintain quality services to the public has not been easy. Some of the challenges faced by the two countries in the face of economic challenges include an increased demand for better public services. There have been problems of economic recession in the two countries. Aging citizens in both countries require specialized attention. The challenge for local governments lies in their capacities to offer services required by the public. Managers in various public committees in the local councils of Ireland and Scotland have been faced by the increased demand for social services including financial constraints caused by reduced budgets and the need to continue providing efficient services. There have been concerns on increased costs of pension and payment demands by workers. Man y planning departments within the local councils have in the past been faced with the problem of identifying investment options needed. Many local authorities in Scotland and Ireland have not initiated any development projects in years due to lack of funds. The other challenges that have almost stopped the operations of the local authorities in Scotland and Ireland include increased cost of maintenance of facilities within their jurisdictions. Meeting environmental challenges as demanded by various environmental bodies like the European Union on carbon emissions has also been a problem to the local councils. Recommendations Proper use of funds by local councils in both Ireland and Scotland is dependent on how best the local authorities embrace efficient and effective measures of public management practices. The various accounts and audit committees should be composed of public officials who have adequate knowledge and skills in management of public funds. Public officers who might b e appointed to the various financial committees without prior knowledge in financial accounting should be adequately trained. The duty of managing service delivery to the public should not be left to officers who are corrupt and greedy as was evidenced in cases where officers have had to be sentenced to prison because of engaging in fraudulent deals. Modern technology should be used to enhance transparency in the management of service delivery in various local councils in Ireland and Scotland. Efforts should be enhanced to make sure that local councils in Ireland and Scotland meet the basic services of the public in a cost effective manner. Conclusion The comparison between local councils in Ireland and Scotland has revealed the conservative nature in which local councils in both countries have restructured their financial management structures towards safeguarding finances that would have otherwise been used to provide better services to the public. Local authorities in the two cou ntries should focus on creating mechanisms to improve public services. This can be done through privatization of public services instead of cutting budgetary allocations meant for provision of services to the public. Policies that uphold public interests should be created through the various legal mechanisms in the local authorities in both countries. Proper audit procedures are therefore necessary in determining the resources needed by local authorities in Scotland and Ireland and also identifying what the local authorities have in excess. This would enhance better planning and consequent improved delivery of public services by the two authorities. References Alan J W, 1994,The Irish Constitutional Tradition: Responsible Government and Modern Ireland 1782–1992 ,Irish Academic Press, Dublin. Barrow, W 2005, Robert Bruce the Community of the Realm of Scotland (4th ed.). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh. Brown, D 2001 â€Å"Kenneth mac Alpin†. In M. Lynch. The Oxf ord Companion to Scottish History, Oxford University Press, Oxford Denhardt, R Vinzant, D 2000, The New Public Service, Serving Rather than Steering, Public Administration Review 60 (6).Jossey-Bass, New York. Dumville, D 2001, â€Å"St Cathrà ³e of Metz and the Hagiography of Exoticism†. Irish Hagiography: Saints and Scholars, Four Courts Press, Dublin. Fry, B 1989, Mastering Public Administration; from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo, Chatham, Chatham House Publishers, Inc., New Jersey. Jeong, C Nor, F 2007, Principles of Public Administration: An Introduction, Karisma Publications, Kuala Lumpur. Jerome, B M Howard, L 1998, Public Administration: Balancing Power and Accountability 2nd Ed, Praeger Publishing, Westport. Kettl, D James, F 2009, The Politics of the Administrative Process, CQ Press, Washington D.C. Khopkar, S M 2004, Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Control, New Age International, New Delhi. Menzel, D Harvey, W 2011, The State of Public Administration: Issu es, Challenges and Opportunity, M E Sharpe, New York. Moeller, R 2007, COSO Enterprise Risk Management: Understanding the New Integrated ERM Framework, John Wiley Sons Inc, New Jersey. Moody, T W 2005, A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and early Ireland. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Murray, W H 1968, The Companion Guide to the West Highlands of Scotland. London, Collins. Paramasivan, C Subramanian, T 2009, Financial Management, Prentice Hall, Oxford University. Roberge, E 2011, Whythegovdoesnotwork.com SNAFU, A Hysterical Memoir About Why the Government Doesn’t Work, FL: Createspace, Bureau Publishing, Orlando. Smith, K Licari, M J 2011, Public Administration – Power and Politics in the Fourth Branch of Government, Cengage Learning, Connecticut. White, J Guy, A 1994, Research in public administration: reflections on theory and practice, John Wiley Sons, Inc., New Jersey. This essay on Public Sector Financial Management was written and submitted by user Sonia Whitney to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Food Waste Essay - How To Use It As Part Of Your Homework

Food Waste Essay - How To Use It As Part Of Your HomeworkStudents will learn a lot about the quality of food in their day at school, and many times this knowledge will become the foundation for learning how to assess the quality of food waste at school. It will be the foundation for learning how to determine if the food that is thrown away at school should be donated to a food bank or given out to needy families. Also, it will help students develop a way to correctly communicate to other students about the importance of saving food and learning about the importance of recycling.Many people get involved in this project as part of their homework, but others find it fun to encourage students to start thinking about how the food they are eating impacts the environment and how food waste is a major contributor to this problem. The homework assignments will include a list of different resources that parents can use to learn more about food waste, as well as a list of strategies that can be used to save food from being wasted. Additionally, homework assignments will include tips on how to become responsible about how they dispose of food scraps, and methods for converting the garbage that one has to offer into something more useful.These activities will be one way to motivate the student's homework. As the student develops their skills, they will begin to develop a way to communicate to their friends and classmates about the importance of doing something about the current food problem in our world. They will be teaching kids that not only does food matter to them, but that it does matter to the world around them.In addition to the homework which they will do on their own, many students will learn a lot about creating essay structures and how to use them to express their ideas. The ideas that are expressed in an essay are important, because they help to determine whether the student has grasped all the information that they need to do to achieve success. It will be the foundation for building up to the more difficult ones which are needed for critical reading, research, and writing.The homework assignment can be the best chance for students to develop strategies to eliminate food waste as a means of raising awareness for the social and environmental issues that they have the ability to affect. Therefore, it will be important for them to understand that they are on the right track and to listen to their personal motivation that they have been given. The topic will also help students develop a thorough understanding of the entire process, which they can apply to their personal life, family, and work lives.It will help them develop a sound understanding of the most important elements that they need to learn more about in order to have a productive social and environmental career. The reason that food waste is such a significant issue in today's society is because of the fact that we are on a mission to feed the planet.However, we must remember that everyone can make a difference in their community and in the world. By incorporating the importance of food waste in the lives of their peers, students will become more effective advocates for social and environmental issues and thus they will have more confidence to make their voice heard.

Organizational Psychology Essays - Behavioural Sciences, Free Essays

Organizational Psychology Essays - Behavioural Sciences, Free Essays Organizational Psychology Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology differs from traditional psychology. Organizational psychology focuses on the group aspect of psychology and goes a bit further. While focusing on groups organizational psychology also looks at each person in a group to help solve problems. ?Organizational psychology is a field that utilizes scientific methodology to better understand the behavior of individuals working in organizational settings? (Jex & Britt, 2008, p. 1). This paper will define organizational psychology, explain the role of research and statistics in organizational psychology, and describe how organizational psychology can be used within organizations. Organizational psychology plays an important role to any organization that exists. Organizational Psychology Organizational psychology is defined as ?The study of the structure of an organization and of the ways in which the people in it interact, usually undertaken in order to improve the organization? (Farlex, 2012). Organizational psychology is normally done in a formal group setting, which evaluates both the group setting as well as individual people. Organizations have a set of values that employees are expected to abide by without the set of values employees would just do their own things, and the job would not get done (Jex & Britt, 2008). Roles of Research and Statistics Research and statistics play an important role of any organization. Research is done to find the best method of action that an organizational psychologist should take to correct an action. According to Jex and Britt, ?organizational psychologists often us systematic research methods to provide organizational decision makers with information regarding employees attitudes? (2008, p. 21, para. 2). Research and statistics provide answers for organization. Without research and statistics questions could not be answered. There are different types of data collection methods that assist with research and statistics these different data collection methods are observational, archival data, survey research, and experimentation. First is an observational method, which is used to study the behavior of employees in organizations. Data is collected by observing employees in the workplace and recording the observations. Observation is a simple way of collecting data, employees act as if they would on any normal work day accurate information can be obtained. Second is archival data. Archival data is using the records that the organization already has on hand about the employees. This allows an organizational psychologist to look back and reflect on any employee?s history and correct behavioral or work related problems. Third is survey research. Survey research is the most common form of research. Survey research asks the employees about their past behaviors, or actions in the workplace. Survey research can also be done to test different theories in the workplace to see what works best within the workplace. Fourth is experimentation. Experimentation is highly controlled and can give accurate results. There are three components that constitute a true experiment these components are manipulation of an independent variable and measurement of a dependent variable, second random experimental treatment conditions, and third maximum control (Jex Without data collection methods research could not be done within an organization therefore no statistics would be available about an organization. Organizational Psychology in Organizations Organizational psychology can be used in organizations in different ways. One way to use organizational psychology is to correct any issues that may have arisen with employees either with coworkers or with a member of management. Another way to use organizational psychology is to correct the way employees are working. Organizational psychology can help correct ones attitude towards the place of employment. Organizational psychology can help an organization become more successful. Organizations can also save money using organizational psychology because a professional has come into the organization and helped solve problems that may arise again in the near future. This saves the organization not only money but time as well. Organizational psychology also helps increase customer service when an organization is running successfully the customers notice and have a more pleasant experience dealing with the organization. Organizational psychologists can also help hire better people for the workplace, improve skills, eliminate harassment and discrimination, and foster a team environment (Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2012). Conclusion Organizational psychology is the focus of working with an organization or a group of people to solve problems that may arise within that group of

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel

How To Talk To Prospects At Every Stage Of The Marketing Funnel A funnel is a way to visualize your prospects’ journey through the marketing and sales process. Figure out where in the funnel they are at from the unaware to the purchase stage. So, it’s time to put fun back into that funnel! Today, we’re talking to Emma Tupa, ’s marketing automation strategist. She shares how to create personas, find a voice, breakdown funnel stages, and change communication tactics. Marketers, do you know who you’re talking to? Create buyer personas collection of prospect characteristics based on research Ways to create buyer personas depending on the stage of your business Research and information lets you pinpoint your ideal customers and target them with specific messaging Find your tone and voice to input personality into copy and effectively communicate in the customers’ language Top of the Funnel or TOFU: Prospects in unaware or pain aware stage; use interesting and informational, but not intense content, to soft sell Middle of Funnel or MOFU: Prospects in the solution aware to product aware stages; content connects dots between the pain and the best solution for it Bottom of the Funnel or BOFU: Prospect are potentially purchase ready and in the most aware stage; content is geared to converting through calls to action Marketing is a science; involves reacting and re-engaging with prospects to get them down the funnel Differences between marketing and sales materials, including emails Links: G2 Crowd How to Map Content to the Marketing Funnel Autopilot Why Your Customer Is The Key To Skyrocketing Conversion Rates with Talia Wolf from Get UpLift Joanna Wiebe Kathryn Nyhus Write and send a review to receive a care package If you liked today’s show, please subscribe on iTunes to The Actionable Content Marketing Podcast! The podcast is also available on SoundCloud, Stitcher, and Google Play. Quotes by Emma Tupa: â€Å"That’s really the key creating your buyer personas. They’re crucial to figuring out who you’re actually talking to.† â€Å"Once you have all that information, you can really start to pinpoint your ideal customers and then start targeting them with specific messaging.† â€Å"Conversions to us are if a prospect is moving down the funnel, we consider that a conversion from stage to stage, not just if they become a customer.†